Consumerism – The actions of individuals and government responsible for consumer dissatisfaction in exchange relations. In other words, consumerism is a protest of consumers against unfair business practices and business injustices. Consumerism makes sure that businesses provide useful information and make sure that consumers get quality for their money. Meaning of A Right This is […]
Here are some shopping tips that can help you make the most of your shopping experience: 1. Make a shopping list: Before you head out or start browsing online, make a list of the items you need. This will help you stay focused and avoid impulsive purchases. 2. Set a budget: Determine how much you
Corruption is everywhere, it is a universal problem and everybody wants to eradicate it. The concept of TAP came about because of this reason. T – Transparency. A – Accountability P – Probity. T – Transparency means to be clear, easily understood or quality of being truthful or without a hidden agenda. It also
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LEDGER ENTRIEES Ledger is a principal book in which transaction are recorded in a summarize form. It is final destination of all transactions in the subsidiary book. Dr Format of ledger Cr Date Particular Folio Amount Date Particular Folio Amount N N SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF LEDGER ACCOUNT Ledger Personal impersonal Debtors
A petty cash book is a cash book used for recording small or minor expenses of the business. Petty means small, the minor expenses may include postage stamp, carriage, telegram, stationary, telephone, envelopes etc. To establish the petty cash an amount called cash float is disbursted to the petty cashier in the beginning of a
Cash book is a book of accounting or ledger account used for recording cash receipt and payments of money. It is used to record all cash received and paid out by the organizations. The cash of a business constitutes cash in hand and cash bank. There are three types of cash book Single column /
This is a cash book that takes care of both cash and bank. It is called double column cash book because it has cash and book column on both debit and credit side. The cash column is used for recording cash and cheque received while the credit side is used for recording all payments made
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This is made up of cash column, bank column and discount column on both sides of the cash book. CASH DISCOUNT: This is an allowance received or reduction made when cash is paid promptly. It is classified into discount allowed and discount received. Discount Allowed – Is an allowance or reduction given by the business
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Manuscripts are handwritten scripts or document. Manuscripts may contain correction additions, alterations and abbreviations etc. Proof correction signs Symbol Text Sign Meaning Caps/u.c Change letter business studies Capital upper case letter used # lnsert Insert space ~ University Elias_transpose Elias University , insert Insert comma Common Abbreviation Abbreviation Meaning Abt
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The success of any secretarial personnel is strongly dependent on the effective application of some of the basic typing techniques. The techniques that must be mastered in typing for expedient and neat typing are: Tabular key operation + Key _ Line–space regulator Carriage Return lever Margin release lever Alphabetic Sentence Drills Exercise: You are required
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Office documents are documents used in an office for business transactions. There are basically two types of office documents which are (i) Sales documents (ii) Purchases document SALES DOCUMENT: are documents used in keeping records of sales transactions i.e. it is used to record goods sold either in cash or credit, undercharged and overcharged. They
The reception office is the first contact office which is well furnished can decorated to create good and lasting impression in the mind of visitor. It is an office where visitors or callers are welcomed and attended to. The office is well equipped with telephone, newspaper, journal, magazine, computer, fan and others. A receptionist
These are services that make trade easy or facilitate trade. They are: Advertising Banking Communication Insurance Tourism Transportation Warehousing Advertising – is creating awareness in the mind of the public about the existence of old and new in the market. There are several media of advertising such as radio, magazine, television, newspaper, cinema, billboard,
The documents kept by a receptionist include:- Visitors book Telephone message pad or form Business card Request form/visitors slip Telephone directory Appointment register Diary VISITOR’S BOOK:- is used for recording the details of all visitors that came to an organisation. It contains name, office visited, address, purpose of visit, time of arrival and departure,
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Incoming mail contains new orders, enquiries, cheques, reports, complaints and any other letter from other business organisation received either by hard or by past. The procedures are: Receive mail from post office box or from their personnel Check mail one after the other Sort the mail into private, official and confidential Send mails to officer
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MARKET This is a place where buyer and seller meet together to transact business. Has a place where there is transfer of ownership of goods and services. Examples : Idumota market, Katangowa market etc Market can also take place through communication between the seller and buyer without physical contact e.g. GSM, Internet, Jumia, OLX etc
Correspondences are mails, letters suit and received in and out of an organisation. Correspondence can be sent either by post, by hand, electrically by fax and email. Types of correspondence Mail inward book Mail outward book Despatch book Postage book File movement book MAIL INWARD BOOK/ correspondence inward register – is used to record the
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Work is any activity people engage themselves (Physical or Mental effort) in order earn a living e.g. teaching, barbing, engineering etc. Right Attitude to work –is having a positive state of mind toward a particular job/work i.e. doing a particular job with a rightful purpose or determination to do good in an organisation. Characteristics
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Trade means buying and selling of goods and services to satisfy human wants. In the olden days, trade was carried out by barter system whereby goods are exchanged for goods and services for services without the use of money. Importance of trade Trade helps in bringing producer and buyer into contact It facilitates means of
The duties of a receptionist can be divided into two namely: Receiving callers or visitors Handling Telephone calls Receiving callers or visitors She receives visitors warmly She must make an appointment with visitors She makes visitors comfortable while waiting for an office She must receive and give information concerning the organisation She must direct the
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